Become a vet tech by earning an associate degree in veterinary technology from an accredited program, passing the VTNE (Veterinary Technician National Exam), and obtaining state certification or licensure. Most programs take 2 years. Some states may require additional exams or continuing education for licensing.
What Is a Veterinary Technician?
A veterinary technician provides medical support to veterinarians by performing lab tests, assisting in surgeries, and monitoring animal health. Vet techs work in veterinary clinics, hospitals, shelters, research labs, and zoos. They help with surgical procedures, prepare tissue samples, administer medications, and handle large or aggressive animals.
Veterinary technicians are not the same as veterinary assistants. Vet techs require formal education and certification, while veterinary assistants typically learn on the job and hold a veterinary assistant certificate or complete a short certificate program.
Daily responsibilities of vet techs include:
- Collecting blood and urine samples
- Taking X-rays and performing laboratory tests
- Providing nursing care and emergency first aid
- Assisting in surgical nursing tasks
- Communicating with pet owners about follow-up care
Education Requirements for Veterinary Technicians
To become a vet tech, complete a veterinary technology program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). Most programs award a two-year associate degree, though some offer a four-year bachelor’s degree in veterinary technology.
Vet tech programs include both classroom and clinical training. Students study:
- Animal anatomy and physiology
- Veterinary pharmacology
- Surgical procedures and anesthesia
- Clinical skills and laboratory work
- Medical terminology and veterinary ethics
Many community colleges and universities offer accredited veterinary technology degrees. Some programs are delivered in hybrid or online formats, but hands-on training in a veterinary setting is mandatory. Vet tech graduates must complete required field placements or internships with approved veterinary services providers.
Table: Education and Certification Overview
| Step/Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
| Education | Complete a two-year associate degree or a four-year bachelor’s degree in veterinary technology from a program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) or Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA). Some states accept alternate pathways, such as on-the-job training plus significant clinical experience. |
| Prerequisites | High school diploma or equivalent, with courses in English, math, biology, and chemistry. Some programs require a minimum grade (often 75%) in prerequisite subjects. Mature students and those with relevant experience may qualify through alternate pathways. |
| Hands-on Experience | Most programs include field placements or internships, providing hands-on experience with animals in clinical or research settings. Prior experience with animals (volunteering, pet ownership, farm work) is highly recommended. |
| Immunizations | Proof of rabies vaccination or adequate titre is typically required before starting clinical placements. |
| Certification Exam | Pass the Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE). Eligibility usually requires graduation from an accredited program, but some states allow on-the-job training or alternate pathways. |
| Licensure/Registration | Most states require state licensure or registration after passing the VTNE. This may include a criminal background check and continuing education. |
| Continuing Education | Ongoing education is often required to maintain licensure and stay current with best practices. |
How to Get Certified as a Veterinary Technician
After completing a veterinary technology degree, pass the Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE) to become certified. The VTNE is a 3-hour exam with 170 multiple-choice questions covering clinical procedures, laboratory testing, animal nursing care, and pharmacy.
To sit for the VTNE, candidates must:
- Graduate from an AVMA-accredited veterinary technology program
- Submit transcripts and program verification
- Pay the exam fee (typically $330)
- Apply through the American Association of Veterinary State Boards (AAVSB)
Upon passing, candidates can apply for state-specific licensure. Depending on the state, you may be recognized as a licensed veterinary technician (LVT), registered veterinary technician (RVT), or certified veterinary technician (CVT). Some states also require a state law exam or ethics course.
Key Skills Needed to Succeed as a Vet Tech
Successful vet techs demonstrate strong technical skills and emotional resilience. The job demands precision, compassion, and clear communication. Vet techs must work calmly in high-pressure environments, especially during emergency procedures or when treating lab animals and large animal species.
Critical skills include:
- Performing laboratory tests and medical tests
- Monitoring anesthesia and assisting during surgical procedures
- Preparing animals for exams and surgery
- Explaining treatment instructions to pet owners
- Administering medications and vaccinations
Soft skills are equally important. Vet techs interact with pet owners, veterinary assistants, and licensed veterinarians daily. They must stay calm with stressed animals, offer clear instructions, and follow strict protocols to ensure safety and accuracy in all tasks.
Career Options and Work Settings for Vet Techs
Vet techs can work in:
- Veterinary clinics and hospitals
- Emergency and critical care units
- Animal shelters and humane societies
- Research facilities with lab animals
- Specialty veterinary practices (anesthesia, dentistry, exotics)
With experience, veterinary technicians may specialize or advance into roles such as:
- Veterinary technologist (requires a bachelor’s degree)
- Anesthesia technician
- Surgical nurse
- Emergency critical care technician
- Supervisor or educator in a veterinary technology program
Vet techs also work in public health, military veterinary services, food safety inspection, and wildlife conservation. Some enter management, overseeing veterinary assistants or coordinating large animal care teams.
Vet Tech Salary and Job Outlook
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), veterinary technicians earn a median salary of $38,240 per year, or about $18.39 per hour. Entry-level techs typically earn $28,000–$32,000. Experienced techs or those in specialty fields can earn $45,000 or more.
Top-paying states for vet techs include:
- California
- New York
- Massachusetts
- Alaska
- Connecticut
The BLS projects a 20% growth in vet tech employment through 2032, much faster than the national average. Growing demand for veterinary services and improved pet care standards drive job growth.
Key factors that affect salary:
- Geographic location
- Type of employer (private clinic, research lab, zoo)
- Years of experience
- Specialty certifications
Step-by-Step Process to Become a Vet Tech
Follow this process to become a vet tech:
- Earn a high school diploma or equivalent, with good grades in biology, chemistry, and math.
- Apply to a veterinary technology program accredited by AVMA or CVMA.
- Complete a 2-year associate degree or a 4-year bachelor’s degree in veterinary technology.
- Gain hands-on experience through internships, externships, or volunteering with animals.
- Get vaccinated against rabies and meet program health requirements.
- Pass the VTNE to become eligible for licensure.
- Apply for state licensure or registration, completing any extra requirements such as background checks or state law exams.
- Start your career in a veterinary clinic, animal shelter, research lab, or zoo.
- Maintain your license with continuing education and keep certifications current.
Often Asked Questions
1. Can you become a vet tech if you have a criminal record?
Most licensing boards require a criminal background check. Minor offenses may not disqualify you, but serious convictions, especially those involving animals or drugs, could affect your ability to get licensed.
2. Are there fast-track or alternative pathways for military veterans or career changers?
Yes. Some states and schools offer credit for prior military or animal care experience. This can shorten your education or help qualify for the VTNE.
3. What are the risks and requirements regarding animal allergies for vet tech students?
Students with allergies must handle animals daily. Consult your program before enrolling. Exposure to fur, dander, and chemicals is constant, and accommodations may be limited.
4. Can you work as a vet tech internationally with U.S. or Canadian credentials?
Some countries recognize AVMA/CVMA degrees and VTNE results, but most require additional licensing. Always check with the target country’s veterinary board.
5. Is it possible to specialize as a vet tech (e.g., in anesthesia, dentistry, or exotics)?
Yes. You can earn specialty certifications from NAVTA after gaining experience. Popular specialties include anesthesia, critical care, emergency care, and exotic animal nursing.
6. How do online or hybrid vet tech programs compare to traditional on-campus programs?
Online or hybrid vet tech programs must also be AVMA-accredited. Theory is online, but clinical placements must be completed locally, often requiring partnerships with veterinary clinics.
Conclusion
Becoming a licensed veterinary technician requires completing a formal veterinary technology program, passing the VTNE, and meeting state licensing rules. This career path offers strong job demand, flexible work settings, and a rewarding way to support animal health. Vet techs gain practical clinical skills, provide vital veterinary services, and play a critical role in modern veterinary medicine.
If you’re passionate about animals and ready to take the next step, apply to a vet tech program, earn your credential, and start your journey into this growing and meaningful field.
